Features of upbringing and education
Fundamental education was given to the children of Brahmins, who were called "brahmacharins", and the teacher involved in their upbringing and education was "guru". Education was one of the main duties of the Brahmins. They had to teach and learn in order to comply with the religious and secular norms of life. The nature of education was religious, and the term of study was 12 years.
There were two main training programs:
1. The usual program of education consisted of reciting the Vedas, learning to write and read.
2. The enhanced education program included poetry, literature, grammar, philosophy, astronomy and mathematics.
The training was organized in the teacher's home (in the room or outdoors) and was built in the form of family relationships. There were no facilities specially organized for training. The form of knowledge transfer is verbal-sound.
Initially, teachers did not receive any remuneration for their work, and the main way of compensation was the help of parents of students to the teacher's family.
Since the birth of a new religion in ancient India - Buddhism, cardinal changes have occurred in all areas, including the educational system.
Based on the teachings of Buddhism, the main task of education was the improvement of the human soul, which had to be rid of worldly desires and passions through such processes as self-improvement and self-knowledge.
In the 2nd - 6th centuries, a renaissance of Hinduism took place, changes also affected the view of the education and upbringing of the younger generation, spiritual harmony and peace are put at the head.
Educational and educational centers of ancient India
In the course of the development of organized systems of upbringing and education in Ancient India, special educational centers and complexes began to form.
The first of these were organized in Takshashila and Nalanda.
Sanskrit, reading and writing were taught in the schools that were organized at the temples. Training was provided in local languages.
Organized educational institutions were of two types:
1. Primary school - only.
2. Higher educational institutions - agrarian.
Agrahars are communities of gurus and learners who have educational programs that are as close as possible to living conditions.
Toli or agrahars was open to children of all castes. With the increase in the influx of students, there was a need to expand educational subjects. So geography, mathematics, foreign languages, medicine, sculpture and painting were introduced.
In the educational centers located in Tkshashila, famous philosophers and scientists taught, who revealed to students knowledge in the field of medicine, art, astronomy, natural science, commerce, magic, and snake spells. All educational centers maintained close ties with cultural and educational institutions in China, the Near and Middle East.
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